Storm Éowyn generated the highest storm surges ever recorded

A research team at University of Galway has revealed that Storm Éowyn generated the highest storm surges ever recorded at key locations on Ireland’s western seaboard.

By analysing sea level information from 47 datasets provided by the Irish National Tide Gauge Network and the Office of Public Works, the team based at the University’s School of Engineering have highlighted the unprecedented power of the storm’s surge – more than 2.5 metres above the normal predicted tidal water level.

Storm Éowyn, one of the most powerful storms to hit Ireland in recent years, also saw record-breaking winds. The highest gust recorded was 184 km/h, with the highest 10-minute wind speed reaching 142 km/h at Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station in County Galway.

Storm Éowyn highest storm surges ever recorded

Despite the severity of Storm Éowyn in other ways and the devastation wrought by hurricane force winds and lasting damage to power and water supplies, the timing of the tides during storm landfall meant little to no flooding impacts.

The research team highlighted data from three coastal locations during Storm Éowyn – Galway Port, Limerick Docks and Shannon Airport.

• At Galway Port, the storm surge peaked at 2.60 meters above the normal predicted astronomical tide, the highest ever recorded at this station since its operation began in 2007
• At Limerick Docks the highest surge along the western coastline was recorded – reaching 2.99 meters above tidal level
• At Shannon Airport, the tidal gauge recorded surge of 2.70 meters.

Had these surges occurred a week earlier during the high water spring tide, the water levels would have been much higher, with data predicting that the water level at Galway Port would have reached 4.96m, Limerick Dock at 5.85m, and Shannon Airport at 5.43m above mean sea level, inundating the areas.

Dr Indiana Olbert, School of Engineering at University of Galway’s College of Science and Engineering, said: “Extensive research suggest that flooding has increased in frequency and severity in recent decades around the world and this is attributed to climate change. Our analysis of the drivers of flooding in Ireland show that the anthropogenic climate change – that’s the changes related to human activity – will drive more extreme rainfall and generate more intense flooding. Such changes are likely to continue with further warming. In future we will witness more extreme weather events that will result in devastating floods.

“Our analysis also shows that a rise in mean sea level rise will significantly increase the risk of coastal flooding in the future. The data we have recovered from the hours around Storm Éowyn shows just how narrowly tens of thousands of people avoided tidal inundation and threats to cities, towns and coastal communities. It is hard to imagine how narrowly we avoided unprecedented storm surge flooding and an inundation, in particular in towns and cities.”

Dr Niall Madden, Mathematical and Statistical Sciences at University of Galway, said: “In spite of how devastating Storm Éowyn was, in an odd way, we were incredibly lucky. The worst of the storm surge coincided with a low and ebbing tide. Had it hit just a few hours earlier, on a full or flooding tide, Galway could have been dealing with a double disaster of record high winds and record high flooding.”

Model imagery of the areas at risk of a 2.5m storm surge or sea level rise in the Galway Bay area. Credit: Climate Central/climatecentral.org Climate Central | Land below 2.5 meters of water. Please note content licensing for use https://www.climatecentral.org/what-we-do/legal#content_licensing

About University of Galway 

Established in 1845, University of Galway is one of the top 2% of universities in the world. We are a bilingual university, comprised of four colleges, 18 schools and five research institutes, with more than 19,700 students, including around 3,000 international students. We have been accredited with an Athena SWAN Institutional Bronze Award, and 12 out of our 18 schools hold individual Athena SWAN Awards. We have more than 2,500 staff, and research collaborations with 5,300 international institutions in 181 countries. Our innovative academics and researchers have created 21 new spin-outs 195 new inventions since 2020. We have 135,000 alumni and 98% of graduates are in employment or further study within six months.

For more information visit https://www.universityofgalway.ie/ or view all news

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