Battery Technology and its advancements

By Tom Spencer. Editor of IrishEVs, a site dedicated raising awareness about electric cars, lifting the myths and misinformation that surround them, and highlight the role that they can play in reducing Ireland’s emissions.
For more information on IrishEVs visit www.irishevs.com or @IrishEVs on Twitter

Today we’re looking at battery technology – where it is now, how far it’s come, and where is heading in the very near future.

1990s-2010s

Did you know that the first commercially available lithium-ion battery went on sale in 1991? The very technology that has become synonymous with powering devices in our lives – from smartphones to pacemakers – has only been on sale to the public for 28 years.

Why is that important? Well, the principles that led to the development and proliferation of the lithium-ion battery into every aspect of our daily lives are the same ones that are driving battery technology in electric vehicles today.

In short, battery technology has developed rapidly in a very short space of time, offering more power in a smaller package (known as energy density), while also allowing faster charging without limiting the lifespan of the battery itself.

This might sound simple, but the chemistry behind it is incredibly complex and has had to expand from powering devices like Walkmans and TV remotes to meeting the demands of smartphones, laptops and, now, electric cars in less than 30 years.

Check out this awesome Fully Charged video to find out more: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OlBZ51QLEfs

2010-2020

While electric cars were a fixture in the early days of the automobile, the current renaissance of electric vehicles started around 2008 and has driven rapid developments in battery science over the past decade – particularly in charging times and range.

In the past six years alone, the median electric car range has increased by 56%, from 117km (73 miles) to 183km (114 miles) according to the US Department of Energy.

The speed of development is only getting faster, and the average range of EVs is expected to hit 442km (275 miles) by 2022, and over 643km (400 miles) by 2028.

The Jaguar I-PACE that first went on sale last year and is a great example of how quickly innovations in battery technology, and how this power is stored and replaced, are progressing.

The I-PACE has a range of 470km (292 miles) from its 90kWh battery, which is made up of high energy density lithium-ion pouch cells. By pairing these with state-of-the-art thermal management systems, the batteries boast boosted longevity and are better able to deliver sustained periods of maximum power – something that the I-

PACe eTROPHY puts to the test on the track.

Range is not the only area where battery developments are making a big difference to electric car owners.

Charging times are also falling as quickly as the range is being added, and with a 50kW DC rapid charger – the kind found at most public charging stations – the road-going I-PACE can achieve up to 270km of range per hour.

All these innovations are designed to help to make the transition from Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) to full EVs as easy as possible for consumers.

The Future

Well, in short, electric cars are the future. As of December 2018, there were around 5.3 million all-electric of plug-in hybrid vehicles in use worldwide up from 1 million in 2015  and this rate of sales is only set to continue, with 71 million EVs expected to be sold by 2020.

Battery development will continue to match the needs of the consumer, offering better range, faster charging and a wider range of affordable options as mass-production of EVs increases the cost of EV batteries fell by more than 35% between 2008 and 2014 and is set to continue this trend.

Alongside this, we can expect the materials used in the batteries to change in order to provide greater energy density, increased flexibility, and more sustainable options for recycling.

A particularly interesting material in this area is graphene, which could offer significant boosts in charging time and tighter packaging for batteries – although its expense and energy density are prohibitive for mass production at this time.

Battery technology has come a long way in the last 28 years and we’re excited to show you just how far it has come at a race track in a city near you soon.

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